In ASP.NET deployment is a simple xcopy. Or you can right click the website project and "Publish website" in Visual Studio.
✅ Figure: Publish website in Visual Studio
In SharePoint the way to deploy a set of changes is via a solution package.
SharePoint provides additional layer and infrastructure on top of ASP.NET - part of this layer is the support for administrators (who may not be developers) to quickly add, remove, activate and deactivate features across a SharePoint site farm.
These are awesome features and something that basic ASP.NET does not have, but it does add additional development overhead to build the solution packaging.